Improvement in dies for forging carriage-axles



. 2Sheets-Sheet1. E. D. CLAPP & F. VAN PATTE Dies for Forging Carriage-Axles,

. l 2Sheets'-Sheet2. E. D. CLAPP & F, VAN PATTEN.. v

Dies for Forging Carriage-Axles.

Kivliiru) STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EMEROUS D. CLAPP AND FREDERICK VAN PATTEN, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT INDIES FOR FORGING CARRIAGE-AXLES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 151,959, dated June 16, 1874 applica-tion filed January 6, 1874.

- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, EMEROUS D. CLAPP and FREDERICK VAN PATTEN, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Dies for Forging Carriage and `Wagon Axles 5 and We do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which- L Figure l is a top view of the lower halt' of the break-down die. Fig. 2 is an inverted view ot' the upperhalf ofthe said die. Fig. 3 is a-top view of the lower half of the shaping and iinishing die. Fig. l is an inverted view of the upperhalf of the said die. Fig. 5 is a vertical central section of the upper and lower halves of thebreak-down die brought together and operating upon a bar of metal. Fig. 6 is the bar of metal as shaped by the die shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the upper and lower halves of the. iinishing and shaping die brought together and operating upon the bar of metal shown in Fig. 6. Fig. S is a bar of metal shown in Fig. 6 as finished by the die shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a transverse section of the break-down bar77 in line n; x, Fig. 6. Figs. 10, 1l, and l2 are transverse sections of the break-down die in dotted lines g/ y, w fle, and z .e of Fig. 5. y

The nature ot' our invention consists, rst, in a certain construction of the die for breaking down the metal of the bar, which forms a carriage or wagon axle, whereby the square form back of the collar can be produced, and the necessary metal to forni the collar upon the axle is at the saine time properly distrib.- uted to till the collar-forming portion of the finishing-die when the break-down. is subsequently brought under the operation ot' said die. It consists, second, in a certain construction of the finishing-die, whereby axles are forged with a square forin back ot' the collar, and with the collar upon theni at one heat ot' the forge, as will be explained.

In the accompanying drawings, A represents the lower, and B the upper, die-block of the break-down die. In each of these blocks is formed a cavity, a, al, b, and c. That portion of the cavity which is between a c1 is of a tapering and outwardly-bulging forni longitudinally, and of elliptical form transversely. Froln a to b the cavity is increased in diameter by cutting away the metal gradually on curved lines and terminating these curvesin a straight line, which unites the two curves, and frein I) to c the cavity is inade with an inwardly-bulging form, but without any taper, and in transverse sect-ionis of semi-diamond or a V-shaped forni. The cavity in the break-down die-blocks gives a bar of inet-al, introduced between the blocks, the swelled taper form c2 a2, and forms the shoulder b2 and the hat concave surfaces c, and thus prepares it for properly filling the different parts of the finishing-die, and especially for filling that portion which forms the collar on the axle-arm. The iinishing dieblocks C D are each formed with a cavity, the cavity of one block corresponding exactly with that of the other. From c3 to c4 this cavity is of taper forni, and at different parts of this portion of the cavity shoulders l l1 d2 are Jformed, so as to give the axle the form shown at d2 Z3 d4. From a3 to a5 the cavity is increased in diameter, and is of a cylindric forni between said pointsc The die-cavity at a4 is made with a shoulder, or a-n abutment, or upsetting end, which lnay close upon thewhole of the face end of the arin, as shown, orbe perforated, it' desired, with a small hole, in which the metal may be squeezed, in order to forni a teat or end to facilitate centering the axle in a turning-lathe. rIhis is done in order to determine the length of the arni, and also prevent the bulk of metal jfrein passing along beyond this point, and thusnthe illing of the whole die-cavity with the inetal is insured. rBhe `junction ot' the cylindrical portion with the taper portion is inade bya flat-sided shoulder, c25. On the opposite side of this tlat shoulder the cavity is made with a curved shoulder, which runs into a diamond or V-shaped termination, c6, of the cavity, as shown.

It will be apparent that the break-down produced froin the die-blocks A and B will, when placed edgewise between the blocks C and D, present those portions of metal which have been thrown out at diiierent parts of its length to those parts of the inishing-die cavity which are designed to receive them, and, therefore, when the upper die-block D is struck, in ordinary manner of forging, those portions of metal which are to form the respective parts ofthe axle-arm will be made to ll the different parts of the cavity in the most perfect manner, while the surplus metal Will take the form of a thin fin between the Hat portions of the blocks outside of the margin of the cavity.

We find the diamond form for that portion ofthe die-cavity block of the collar-cavity to be very important, as it brings the fins on the corners of the square, at which points they can be trimmed olf without showing that any ns were ever there. Further, in parting the dies to make a square, the diamond shape not only makes the draw,7 which all dies require, to prevent the iron from sticking, but it also makes the article true.

With our break-down die, the metal is distributed in proper form to ll the finishingdie and ensure the proper forging of the axlearm with the collar upon it at one heat.

We are aware that there are many different processes for forging axles with collars, but with all it is necessary to use much larger iron than with our process.

With our dies, after the piece of iron is broken down suitable for the finishing-die, the exact length of arm is secured by the first blow, according to theimpressions in the dies, and after that the distributed metal is forced into the different parts of the cavity by each successive blow until the dies are filled and the axle-arm with the collar upon it properly formed.

We are not aware that axles with a square form back ofthe collar and with collars upon them have ever been forged by drop-dies alone, and from a bar of metal, which is held stationary until the collar portion of the cavity is illed and the square impression back of the collar has been made upon the bar.

A few of the advantages are, first, we form a given-sized collar with metal lof very much less diameter. Ordinarily one-inch axles are drawn from one and seven-eighths round iron. By our process the same axle can be forged from 011e and three-eighths round iron. Second, very much less expense is incurred in drawing out the bed portion of the axle from the back of the collar. Third, the circular part of the axle is formed with greater accuracy in size and length than can be done in rolling the blank, we being enabled to form the square and collar of exactly the length required at one heat. Fourth, one man alone can forge six hundred pieces in ten hours, while with the rolling process it is necessary. when drawing out, to have two men besides the heater to perform the work.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent7 is- 1. The break-down die, constructed as de scribed and shown, with the longitudinallybulging and transverse elliptical cavity for forming the arm, and the cavity for forming the collar, as described and shown.

2. The finishing-die, in which the arm or spindle of the axle and the collar thereof are formed simultaneously, constructed with a cen tering-cavity, a collar-cavity, and a spindle or arm cavity, and with an abutting or upsetting end at a, which latter determines the length of the arm and insures the filling of the diecavities with the metal, substantially as dc scribed and shown.

3. The upsetting or breakdown die, constructed as described, in combination with the die which centers, determines the length, and finishes the square, the collar, and the arm of the axle, substantially as described.

EMEROUSD. CLAPP. FREDERICK VAN PATTEN.

Vitnesses:

Jol-1N H. BAcoN, LUcUs GREEN. 

